G.Y.

Author: Gökhan Yalçuk

  • Pangea Ultima  is Super Continent and Already Started Forming

    Pangea Ultima  is Super Continent and Already Started Forming

    Earth Will Have Just One Continent

    About 100 million years ago, the plate movements that formed Pangea began to tear it apart. So Pangea began the process of splitting – Pangea Ultima

    A large landmass that would later become Europe, Asia and North America separated from Pangea. Antarctica and Australia stuck together, also broke away and drifted south. A giant landmass that would later become India broke off and moved northward for millions of years, eventually merging with Asia. 

    Over time, these giant landmasses reached their present locations and formed the continents we know today. If you look carefully, you realize that the continents are actually like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle that fit together.

    The movement of the plates beneath the continents has not stopped, it continues. So the location of the continents keeps changing. 

    For example, North America and Europe are moving away from each other at a rate of 2.5 centimetres a year. 

    So what do you think these drifting continents will look like years from now?

    50 million years from now

    In 50 million years, the Atlantic Ocean will expand, pushing New York further away from North Africa (New York and Morocco used to be next to each other).

    Meanwhile, in the southern hemisphere, Australia will crash into southeast Asia.

    In Europe, Africa will move north, blocking the Mediterranean Sea. where Italy and Greece are located, a mountain range as high as the Himalayas, known as the Mediterranean Mountains, will form. (Istanbul will be wiped off the face of the earth.) It will stretch from Spain through southern Africa, the Middle East and Asia.

    100 million years later

    100 million years from now, the power of continental motion will render the Earth unrecognizable.

    The Atlantic will continue to expand, but along the western coastline, an area of sediment will form. the first sign of this can be seen in the Puerto Rico Trench in the Caribbean.

    The trench will extend north and south towards the east coast of North and South America. this huge area of sediment will consume the Atlantic Ocean, driving Europe and Africa towards the Americas.

    250 million years later

    250 million years from now, when intergalactic explorers return to their homeland, they will find a different planet from the one they have recorded. those of us living now will be nothing more than fossils. there will no longer be 7 continents, but 1 large landmass where most of the world’s landmasses are gathered: Pangea Ultima.

    Explorers will search for the remains of our cities, but when Europe and America collide, all the countries along the coastline will slowly disappear.

    Conclusion

    According to scientists, in 250 million years, the continents will come together again to form a supercontinent like Pangea.

    That’s why in about 250 million years, the Earth will look very different than it does now.

  • What Is The Giffen Paradox

    What Is The Giffen Paradox

    The Case of Buying More as Prices Rise – Giffen Paradox

    Giffen Paradox – Let’s say you go to the market and buy a product on the shelf for 1$ each. You came home and liked this product very much. The next day when you go to the same store to buy the same product, you see that the price is 2$. Would you buy more than one of these products? If the product you buy is a Giffen product, the answer is likely to be yes.

    Economic events are analyzed in two ways, one for the economy as a whole and the other for its smallest units. The former is called the macro (large) level approach and the latter is the micro (small) level approach. The micro level basically deals with human beings. The laws of supply and demand govern macro and micro-economic theories.

    Economists recognize that when prices rise, demand falls and forms a downward sloping curve, while when prices fall, demand forms an upward sloping curve. In 1895, the British economist Alfred Marshall gave us a mathematical explanation of how supply and demand are formed. After laying down the general rules, he also pointed out that there could be an interesting exception.

    What is the Giffen Paradox?

    Marshall said that in some cases a price increase can surprisingly increase demand. The first person to point this out was Scottish Robert Giffen, a well-known economist and statistician of the time. 

    Giffen saw that the potato famine in Ireland in the mid-19th century raised potato prices, which increased the demand for potatoes instead of decreasing it, and investigated the reason for this reversal.

    Alfred Marshall included Robert Giffen’s work in his textbook Principles of Economics. This led to the Giffen paradox. It was called the Giffen paradox because it was contrary to the law of supply and demand.

    Following this definition, today, goods whose demand increases as the price increases are known as Giffen goods. When the idea of Giffen goods was first introduced, in the 19th century, bread was one of the most important food items for the poor British population. 

    The poorest of the working class spent most of their income on bread, which was essential for survival. As the price of bread increased, the poorer people had to spend more of their income on bread to survive. As a result, the higher the price, the higher the demand.

    What is a Giffen good?

    A Giffen good is a low-income, non-luxury product that defies standard economic and consumer demand theory. Demand for Giffen goods rises when the price rises and falls when the price falls. A product can only be a Giffen good if certain conditions are met. 

    First, it must be a basic good, such as food, for which there are a limited number of substitutes. And, of course, the people who buy it must be too poor to afford to replace the staple with better quality goods. Some common Giffen goods are rice, salt, potatoes and bread.

    In 1947 US economist Georg Stigler denied this in Notes on the History of the Giffen Paradox but in 2007 US academics Robert Jensen and Nolan Miller in Giffen Behavior: Theory and Evidence: Giffen Behavior.

    Examples of Giffen Goods

    In fact, it is quite easy today to give examples of this paradox. Take the rise in meat prices for example. As the price of meat products increased, many of us gave up meat and started to spend our budget on more affordable food products. 

    As a result, the balance of supply and demand changed. Subsequently, prices of staple food products also increased. This led to the Giffen Paradox.

    In the same way, families with much lower incomes could buy a few ingredients and get through the day with a simple meal and bread, but with the increase in vegetable prices, this became impossible. 

    As a result, the staple food for many people has become bread, which is the cheapest and most filling. As a result, as the demand for bread increased, bread started to rise more.

    Similar Effect but a Contrasting Case: Veblen’s Goods

    When we talk about the Giffen paradox, we are talking about another situation that leads to a strange economic contradiction. Veblen goods are named after the American economist Thorstein Veblen, who formulated the theory of “conspicuous consumption”. 

    These goods are peculiar because as their price increases, so does the demand for them. But unlike the worthless Giffen goods, they are considered a symbol of high status.

    Conclusion

    The willingness to pay more is more to advertise wealth than to achieve better quality. A true Veblen good should therefore not be of significantly higher quality than its lower-priced equivalents. 

    When the price falls, the rich stop buying it. Cutting prices tends to reduce sales. This is why some stores never discount at the end of the season. Those who can afford it buy it, those who can’t have to grapple with the Giffen paradox anyway.

  • Boost Your Attention With Easy Methods

    Boost Your Attention With Easy Methods

    These techniques work for me and my friends – Boost Your Attention

    It is often frustrating to be distracted when we have a task at hand. But don’t immediately blame it on your brain – Boost Your Attention

    Our brains are easily distracted and have evolved in this way for a reason. While we place great importance on the ability to concentrate, our attention needs to be flexible.

    After all, this is how our ancestors managed to survive for hundreds of thousands of years. Finding prey and safety required them to pay attention to any new information or situation around them. This could mean the difference between life and death. 

    As a result, we became more skilled at the rapid processing of external stimuli. Today, even if new information or fast-moving objects in our environment are not life-threatening, part of our brain still works in the same way.

    What is Attention?

    Physically, we can define attention by looking at neural activity in areas of the brain associated with the object of attention. For example, if you are listening to music, neurons in your auditory cortex are activated. 

    If you are looking at a picture, there is increased activity in the visual brain at the back of your head. The parietal brain lobes in the upper back of the brain manage attention in three-dimensional space.

    The more you focus on a subject, the more intense and persistent this activity becomes. Gamma brain waves, which occur when neurons fire more than 25 times per second, indicate very intense focus, while slower brain waves indicate distracted attention.

    What can we learn from research to improve efficiency and attention?

    There is no secret recipe for increasing attention. There is no such thing as permanent focus. However, some methods can guide you if you want to increase your attention span. 

    Apart from the suggestions below, eating right, structuring your time, minimizing distractions and overcoming procrastination, whatever the reason, will of course come first.

    1. Distract the mind

    If you find it difficult to concentrate on what you’re doing, one of the best ways to distract yourself for a short period of time is to turn to something else. To understand why this works, let’s take a brief look at how the brain works. 

    In our brain, the frontal cortex controls our natural instinct to resist distractions and engage in more enjoyable things. In a state of concentration, the whole brain, including the frontal cortex, must be working. This requires more energy.

    But inevitably this energy runs out during the day. At this point, our minds start to wander to other things. If this is going to happen anyway, why not time it at the most opportune moment? 

    Psychologists distinguish between two types of distraction: intentional and accidental. Accidental distraction negatively affects the work. However, those who set this time themselves suffer less.

    2. Wandering

    How much you love your work but it takes willpower to concentrate on a difficult task. One way to increase willpower is to laugh. Research has shown that people who watched a funny video before puzzling over a difficult puzzle put in more effort than those who watched a relaxing but unfunny video. 

    This doesn’t mean watching cat videos all day long, of course. But it is important to take the opportunity to laugh once in a while, especially when feeling tired.

    3. Chaos does not in order to increase attention?

    To concentrate better, it is thought that you need to remove all external distractions. However, another theory suggests the opposite. Nilli Lavie, a psychologist at UCL University in London, introduced the ‘Attribution Theory’ in 1995. 

    According to this theory, there is a limited amount of information that our brain can receive and process from the outside world. When this capacity is full, the brain’s attention system kicks in and decides what to concentrate on. Lavie’s experiments suggest that it may be more productive to work in messy and cluttered environments than in clean, organized and quiet ones.

    When the perceptual fields are fully occupied, our brain will focus all its energy on the most important task. However, it is important to find the right distractions and not allow them to become energy-sapping. 

    The key is to find the right balance that doesn’t allow the brain to seek stimulation elsewhere. Most people find what works best through trial and error. Maybe you can start by leaving your desk untidy…

    4. Take a break from work

    When you’re swamped with work, you don’t even think about taking a break. But there is a lot of data showing that it is possible to get more done this way. The question is when to take a break, for how long, and what to do during it.
     
    Research shows that the limit of concentration is 90 minutes. After that, it is necessary to take a 15-minute break. There are studies showing that even mini-breaks of a few seconds work. 

    It has also been shown that doing physical exercise when you take a break from work, followed by a caffeine-containing drink such as coffee, strengthens the brain. Doing this outside in a park will be more effective. Time for a cup of coffee then.

    5. Don’t push too hard

    When you need to concentrate for a long period of time, it is good to have short periods of concentration followed by short breaks. 

    Brain scans at the Boston Attention and Learning Lab showed that those who tried to concentrate for long periods made more mistakes than those who followed a method of short periods of concentration, a short break, and then another period of concentration. 

    Similarly, a study at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam found that taking a short break and thinking about something else, rather than concentrating all the time, improved attention.

    Conclusion

    The more we know about the brain, the more clearly we see that stress damages concentration. For this reason, taking a break to calm down, regaining control, and working more efficiently seems to be the most important things to do.

    Resources and further reading

    A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind; https://wjh-www.harvard.edu

    What to Know About Gamma Brain Waves; https://www.healthline.com/health/gamma-brain-waves

    Circadian Rhythms in Attention; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

    Why Is It Hard To Stay Focused Throughout An Entire Day?; https://www.scienceabc.com/

  • Philosophical Debates Everyone Should Know – Meaning of Life

    Philosophical Debates Everyone Should Know – Meaning of Life

    Meaning of Life

    Since our existence, we have been asking questions about where we came from, why we are here, and whether there is a divine power that controls us.

    Many of these questions have not yet been satisfactorily resolved. Perhaps they never will.

    But by studying philosophy you can trace ideas and develop your own ideas at the same time. Even if philosophical debates are abstract, the way we approach them helps us to arrive at what we call truth.

    In this article, we take a look at some of the key questions and ideas that philosophers have tried to answer throughout history.

    1- Is the world we live in really real?

    From the moment you enter the field of philosophy, you begin to doubt the existence of objective external reality. A version of this idea was popularized by the movie The Matrix.

    How can you be sure that the reality you experience is real and not a simulation?

    What is the source of your confidence that you are not just a brain in a jar?

    Philosophers don’t need to build science fiction universes to ask these questions. If the external world you perceive is not real, there is not necessarily a real world that is hidden from you.

    Your consciousness and your perceptions may be the only thing that exists. If this sounds absurd, imagine how difficult it would be to prove otherwise. Philosophers have followed different schools of thought on this issue.

    Realists think that there is an objective external reality. There are various types of anti-realism. Idealism claims that reality is a product of our thoughts.

    Phenomenalism says that it is a product of our perceptions and memories of past perceptions.

    Beyond all this, there are debates about which aspects of what we perceive is real and which are not.

    For example, some philosophers claim that the past, present and future are real, but that time is an illusion.

    Others ask, even if the universe as it is now is real, how can we be sure that five minutes ago was also real, for example, that the universe was not recreated with all the contours of the past?

    These questions also intersect with questions of physics. Quantum mechanics, for example, challenges our ideas about how static and measurable the “real” world is.

    2- What is consciousness?

    We all have a common intuition about what it means to be conscious. But this intuition is difficult to define. One debate about this is between dualism and materialism.

    Dualists argue that the conscious mind is in some sense separate from the body. This is actually the intuitive way most people think about their own minds.

    You think of thinking as a separate act, not as “I think with the brain in my head”. Monists argue that the conscious mind is all and only the neural activity in our brain.

    Others still say that the mind is not separate from the body, but that the soul exists as a separate category. Many of these questions become apparent through comparisons with non-human animals and machines.

    We can create a machine that can perceive different colours and move accordingly.

    But can we create a machine that is conscious of this process, just like us?

    This leads us to the question of whether any being outside of us is conscious. The philosopher John Searle put forward the Chinese room argument to draw attention to this question.

    John Searle imagines himself as a person who speaks English but not Chinese in a room with a book containing a series of Chinese symbols. He can sort the symbols as the book describes, but he cannot understand the resulting writing. 

    However, if the same experiment were conducted in English, he would be able to understand what the symbols mean. For an outside observer, there is no difference between using Chinese or English symbols. Because the observer has no way of knowing whether the man in the room understands them or not.

    Searle used this experiment to illustrate the problem of consciousness in artificial intelligence.

    How can we distinguish whether the machine is conscious or simply programmed to mimic consciousness without any inner experience?

    Moreover, we can ask the same question in relation to any entity that claims to be conscious. Since there is currently no chance for a human being to experience what is going on in another person’s mind, we cannot know with certainty who is experiencing the consciousness, and who is merely exposed to an external stimulus and responds to it in a way that mimics consciousness.

    3- What system should we use to make moral decisions?

    One of the biggest questions in philosophy is how to distinguish right from wrong, that is, how to know what is the moral course to follow in any given situation.

    A classic example to explain different moral systems is the “trolley problem”. Using scenarios and thought experiments like this, philosophers try to see whether moral principles work.

    The trolley problem

    A tram is approaching at full speed to the tracks where the villain has tied up five people. If the tram hits them, they will die. On a different track going in another direction, there is one person tied up by the same villain.

    You are standing next to the switch on the railroad tracks. If you pull the lever, you will direct the fast-approaching tram onto one person and that person will die, but with this move, you will save five people. Do you think it is right to pull the lever?

    If you want to test your instincts further, there are other versions of the problem. Suppose the out-of-control tram is again heading towards five people.

    You are on a bridge with a very overweight man. If you push the man off the bridge, it will kill him. But his weight will stop the tram and save the lives of the five people on the tracks.

    Would you push the man in this situation?

    For most people, the instinctive answer to the first question is to pull the lever. But even though the number of lives lost and saved is the same in both cases, the decision to push a man is more difficult.

    For some other people, neither pulling the lever nor pushing the man is acceptable. Because otherwise, the absolute rule against killing must continue to be obeyed, even if more lives are saved.

    Others claim that the important thing is only to save as many people as possible.

    It seems unlikely that we can design a system that gives the right answer to every moral dilemma or that we can all agree on. Nevertheless, decision-making is a valuable process in itself. After all, these are not just abstract questions.

    Even life-and-death questions like the one above involve many different kinds of people who have to decide which life is preferable.

    4- Does free will really exist?

    Philosophy intersects with other disciplines, notably psychology, on the question of whether free people have free will. In its simplest form, free will is the ability to freely decide on actions.

    For example, all of the moral decisions mentioned above are based on the assumption that we can choose between right and wrong options.

    From a neuroscience perspective, it is possible to argue that we do not make this choice freely. From small changes, such as feeling more open to people’s suggestions after drinking a cup of coffee, to larger changes, such as the impact of depression on our decision-making, we are all subject to brain chemistry that affects the way we make choices.

    From our sensitivity to caffeine to our susceptibility to mental illness, these changes are influenced by our environment, our upbringing and, above all, our genes. We may think we make our decisions freely, but this is probably not the case.

    On the other hand, one of the tasks of philosophy is to fill in the gaps between scientific facts. One philosophical theory, determinism, is the idea that the future is determined by the laws of nature and the past.

    According to determinism, even if you rewind time and move it a hundred times, everything will happen exactly the same way as long as the laws of nature remain the same. Some philosophers claim that determinism is incompatible with free will.

    Others argue that our actions are completely determined, but that we are still free in the choices we make in carrying out our actions. This is an argument often made by religious believers.

    God knows our actions before we take them, but this does not invalidate the choices we make. Others argue that determinism is wrong because it ignores the factor of chance. However, despite chance, we lack free will. These philosophical debates continue to evolve in the light of scientific developments. 

  • Surprising Similarities Between Human Brain And Universe

    Surprising Similarities Between Human Brain And Universe

    If you want to understand yourself, you will understand the whole universe – Human Brain And Universe

    Merlin says:

    “Remember, Arthur, if you want to understand the whole universe, you will understand nothing. But if you want to understand yourself, you will understand the whole universe.”

    Could there really be similarities between the human brain and the universe? The human brain weighs about 1.5 kilograms and contains about 1oo billion neurons. 

    Coincidentally, this is roughly the same number as the number of stars in our galaxy, the number of galaxies in the universe and the number of people who have ever lived. 

    Edward Wilson: 

    “The human brain is the most complex object known in the universe. And it is he who knows it.”

    An astrophysicist from the University of Bologna and a neurosurgeon from the University of Verona compared the network of neuronal cells in the human brain with the network of cosmic galaxies. 

    Actually, this is not such a strange comparison. You may have seen the image below, which is occasionally shared, showing a human neuron and a simulated galaxy cluster side by side. Indeed, the two look surprisingly similar. 

    But there is much more to the human brain — and to the Universe — than meets the eye. That’s why the first results of the comparison were truly astonishing. Not only were the brain and the cosmic web identical in complexity, but also in structure. 

    Similarities between the human brain and the Universe

    The human brain functions thanks to its vast network of neurons, which is believed to contain around 69 billion neurons. On the other hand, the observable universe consists of a cosmic network of at least 100 billion galaxies. 

    In both systems, only 30% of their mass consists of galaxies and neurons. In both systems, galaxies and neurons organize themselves into long filaments or nodes between filaments. 

    Finally, in both systems, 70% of the distribution of mass or energy is made up of components that play a seemingly passive role. To be precise, the brain is made up of 77 per cent water. And 72 per cent of the universe is dark energy. 

    Based on the common features of the two systems, the researchers compared a simulation of the network of galaxies with parts of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Their aim was to observe how matter fluctuations are distributed at such diverse scales. 

    The researchers used a technique called power spectrum analysis to study the large-scale distribution of galaxies. The power spectrum of an image measures the strength of structural fluctuations at a given spatial scale. 

    A striking message emerges from the power spectrum plot in Figure 2. The relative distribution of the fluctuations in the two networks is quite similar, with a difference of a few measurements. 

    The distribution of fluctuations in the cerebellum on scales of 0.1–1 mm is reminiscent of the distribution of galaxies over hundreds of billions of light-years. 

    The structure of the cortex at the smallest scales available for microscopic observation (about 10 µm) is quite close to that of galaxies on the scale of several hundreds of thousands of light-years. 

    Unexpected agreement in structural parameters

    Power spectrum comparison does not tell us whether the two systems being compared are equally complex. A practical way to estimate the complexity of a network is to measure the difficulty of predicting its behaviour.

    This can be done by calculating the amount of information required to create the smallest possible computer program that can make such an estimate.

    A recent study shows that the memory of the human brain is around 2.5 petabytes. Another study suggests that the memory capacity needed to store the complexity of the Universe is about 4.3 petabytes.

    This similarity in memory capacity means that all the information stored in a human brain could also be encoded into the distribution of galaxies in our Universe.

    The team also looked at other morphological features, such as the number of filaments attached to each node. The cosmic network, based on a sample of 3,800 to 4,700 nodes, had an average of 3.8 to 4.1 connections per node.

    The human cortex, with 1,800 to 2,000 nodes, had an average of 4.6 to 5.4 connections per node.

    Conclusion

    The results of this pilot study are very encouraging. Therefore, the researchers believe that new and efficient analysis techniques in both fields will allow a better understanding of the dynamics underlying the temporal evolution of these two systems.

  • 10 Simple Ways To Be A Happy Person

    10 Simple Ways To Be A Happy Person

    Happy Person – Although we have convinced ourselves that this is difficult, it is actually much simpler than we think

    Happy Person – We all want to be happy. Although we have convinced ourselves that this is difficult, it is actually much simpler than we think.

    Of course, everyone has different ways and methods to be happy. Here is what to do to become a happier person;

    1. Spend Time with People Who Make You Smile

    We all have people around us who we define as “toxic”; some from family, some from work, and some from our circle of friends. We have all read or heard somewhere before that positivity is contagious. It is important to remember that negativity is as contagious as positivity. 

    You need to keep your distance from people who bring you down, who are pessimistic, negative and constantly criticize you. You may not be able to get them all out of your life at once — which is our suggestion — but you can at least try to distance yourself from them. 

    Surrounding yourself with happy and positive people will make you feel better. Surrounding yourself with people who make you laugh can be your first method.

    2. Respect Your Values

    Yes, beliefs can be confusing, but they can be a great support to hold on to life. Your ideas, your lifestyle, and your beliefs are completely personal to you. And protecting these private spaces can help you feel happier. 

    These values will increase your self-worth and the value you give to others. Search; choose what is right for you or what makes sense to you. For some, it is prayer, for others it is meditation. The choice is entirely yours.

    3. Accept the Good

    Negativity and pessimism have taken over every aspect of our lives. We don’t even see the beautiful things, let alone appreciate them. However, there are many beautiful things in our lives. Instead of labelling them as “worthless” and pushing them away, you can try to place them at important points in your life. 

    Once you realize the small beauties, you will see that happiness is not that difficult. When good things happen, even if they are very small, let them in and embrace them.

    4. Let Your Dreams Go Beyond You

    Yes, you may not suddenly become a musician, artist or performer. But that shouldn’t stop you from dreaming. Go inside yourself, let go of your fears and imagine what you really want, where you really want to be — without any obstacles. 

    Many people avoid this because they don’t want to be disappointed. But imagining is the starting point. It is your first step.

    5. Try to do what you love

    You may not be able to dive every day, but it shouldn’t be that hard to do it every two weeks. You need to make the effort and take the time to do the things you love. 

    Sitting at a desk and working all day makes us feel bad, both mentally and physically. How can you be happy when you feel so bad? You need to make time for yourself. Try everything you want to try and you will see how much better you feel.

    6. Find a Purpose

    Everyone wants to feel accepted and part of this world. Many studies show that people who are helpful are happier. This is because seeing that goodness has touched another living being besides themselves makes them feel like they are part of the whole.

    7. Listen to your heart

    We like to exchange ideas. There is no problem with that. The problem starts there: we take those ideas and incorporate them into our lives. But who knows better than you what will make you happy or unhappy? 

    Not your friends, not your family, not people whose opinions you respect, just you. Yes, happiness can be complicated. But only you can unravel that complexity.

    8. Take Responsibility for Yourself

    It is easiest to blame life and blame others — and we often choose to do so. But these accusations will not take you one step forward or backwards from where you are. Yes, many things have happened at times against your will, and perhaps they are still happening. 

    The only thing you need to do now is to take everything into your own hands. Everyone is responsible for themselves and only themselves. You can be sure that the moment you take responsibility, you will feel stronger.

    9. Be Open to Change

    We have heard, seen and read a lot about change. Let us remind you once again of the ancient Greek philosopher Heraclitus’ words “The only thing that does not change is change”. 

    The change will be in every aspect of your life. Therefore, you need to prepare yourself for all situations, good and bad.

    10. Focus on Simple Things

    Watching the stars or the clouds for hours, laughing at a silly joke made by a friend, listening to music that you enjoy immensely… these should be your little joys.

    Conclusion

    Be clear about what you value and what your goals are. If you are honest and open with yourself about what you want out of life, it will be easier to achieve what you want. 

    According to renowned author Steve Chandler;

    “Most people are surprised to learn that the reason they get so little of what they want out of life is simply that their basic goals are too small and too vague. Goals that are too small and too vague have no power. If it doesn’t provoke your imagination, if it doesn’t stimulate your imagination, it’s impossible to achieve your basic goal. The way to really increase motivation is to set a big, specific and powerful goal.”

  • Why If Sun Were To Disappear, We Would Realize It After 8 minutes?

    Why If Sun Were To Disappear, We Would Realize It After 8 minutes?

    We see the Moon 1.25 seconds ago and Alpha Centauri, the nearest star system, 4.25 years ago

    Wouldn’t it be interesting to watch the past? For example, watching an event that happened 10,000 years ago live as if it were happening right now. 

    In fact, we experience this every day. 

    How? The farther we look out in the universe, the farther back in time we go.

     We see the Moon 1.25 seconds ago, the Sun 8.5 minutes ago, and Alpha Centauri, the nearest star system, 4.25 years ago.

    It is literally impossible to know what the universe looks like right now.

    It is reasonable to believe that the Moon, the Sun and the nearest star system are still in place. But this is not true for galaxies whose images only reach us from billions of years ago. The time it takes for light from objects in space to reach Earth means that when we look at planets, stars and galaxies, we are actually looking back in time.

    Let’s take a simple example.

    The speed of light in space is approximately 300 million meters per second. Let’s say we are standing 600 million meters away from a light source. We have a friend standing next to the light source.

    When our friend presses a button, light is emitted. This light takes about 2 seconds to reach us. In this case, we will know that our friend turned on the light after 2 seconds.

    In fact, when we turn on a flashlight, it is not simultaneous for photons to be generated, for them to reach our eyes and for us to see them. But we don’t feel this difference because it is in nanoseconds.

    Now apply this to events in galaxies 10,000 light years away from us. For example, we will not see a starburst at this distance until 10,000 years after it happens.

    Since we don’t watch the stars in deep space every day, and we don’t have a friend 600 million meters away from us to turn on and off the lights, how do we experience this phenomenon?

    If our sun were to disappear, we would only realize it after 8 minutes.

    The Sun, the 4.5 billion-year-old star of the system to which the Earth belongs, is about 150 million kilometres away from us.

    The speed of light is about 300 thousand kilometres per second. In this case, a ray of light leaving the surface of the Sun takes about 8 minutes and 20 seconds to reach us.

    Considering that the Earth moves in an elliptical orbit around the Sun, this time varies between 490 seconds and 507 seconds. But 500 seconds is the average.

    If 8 minutes is not interesting enough for you, think of it this way: A photon actually has a life before it reaches the surface of the Sun, floats through space and reaches our eyes.

    You know that the Sun produces photons in its core through fusion reactions. A photon produced by gamma radiation manages to reach the surface after a very long time after travelling through the core and the radioactive region. 

    So a photon from the Sun that reaches our eyes could actually be tens of thousands of years old!

    The distance between us and the Sun and the limited speed of light has other consequences, of course. 

    For example, imagine that for some reason, our rare source of life suddenly disappears. 

    At that moment, depending on the distance between the Sun and our Earth, we will continue to live on our planet for about 8 minutes as if nothing had happened. A wonderful 8 minutes in which we are oblivious to what will happen to us afterwards.

    How does looking at distant galaxies allow us to look back in time?

    When telescopes look at light from distant galaxies, they are not literally looking back in time. The past no longer exists, so no one can look at it directly. Instead, telescopes look at the present-time pattern of a beam of light.

    Because the beam of light has been travelling through mostly empty space for millions of years, it is largely undistorted. 

    Therefore, the present-time pattern of this beam of light is the same pattern it had millions of years ago when it was first created by the distant galaxy. 

    By looking at the current state of a beam of light, we can infer what the galaxy that created the light looked like millions of years ago.

    Conclusion

    This means that when we point our telescopes into space, we can see what it was like in earlier times, even if we can’t see it now.

    This allows astronomers to see the entire evolution of the universe since the Big Bang.

    We are actually experiencing this phenomenon every moment. So no matter how hard we try, we will not be able to prevent our perception and knowledge from lagging behind what is happening in the universe.

    That’s fine. Still, late knowledge is better than no knowledge!

  • 10 Brilliant Advice From Failed Entrepreneur to New One

    10 Brilliant Advice From Failed Entrepreneur to New One

    You may want to become an entrepreneur or you may want to realize your business idea – Failed Entrepreneur

    But before you go ahead with your great idea, or before you get complacent that your day-to-day work will become easier, you need to know this:

    It is not easy. You need to be prepared for the ups and downs, the struggles, and the lessons you need to learn.

    There are a few small details you need to know before you take the plunge.

    If you are an aspiring entrepreneur, you should definitely value these tips.

    1. Take action

    You may get lost in the grand vision of what your company will bring to the world.

    But remember that Rome was not built in a day.

    First, set a goal for yourself and take action. Just don’t stop. Try something new every day.

    Try it, see the results, and take action again.

    2. Don’t keep your startup idea to yourself

    Even if your startup idea is your best-kept secret, keeping it to yourself will not do you any good in the long run.

    What is much more important than the idea is how you bring it to life, and how you implement it.

    It doesn’t really matter what your idea is, and even for investors, it may not be important. Believe me, no one else will do it in a day but you.

    3. Don’t be afraid to fail

    At least half of those who want to start their own business and get it off the ground fails.

    Like many entrepreneurs, you may fail at the first attempt. You may lose the company you start and you may get into some debt.

    Fortunately, you will not be one of the losers because you have had a very serious experience.

    4. Network, network, network

    Try to develop your network because what you need most on the way will be people.

    Be sincere with the people you will meet, and be yourself. Remember that networking is never one-sided.

    It is always reciprocal, think of it as an exchange, but don’t be self-interested.

    5. Start with a problem, not an idea

    Once you become an entrepreneur, your idea of idea will change over time.

    Ask any entrepreneur and they will tell you that they started with an idea. But this is not the truth.

    They usually come up with an idea while discussing a problem with their friends. So you need to start with a problem rather than an idea.

    If you want to build a successful business, focus on a problem that people or businesses have and work hard to solve it. Let this be your starting point.

    6. Patience, patience, patience

    You have more ideas in your head than you want, the challenge is to make them come to fruition at the right time.

    You should not doubt yourself and you should never stop trusting yourself.

    But sometimes you have to be a little more flexible, letting go of some of the certainties you have created in your head.

    Don’t be upset if your ideas don’t succeed the first time, success may be waiting around the corner.

    Don’t be afraid to pivot when you think it’s necessary.

    7. Study similar examples globally

    Your idea may be unique to you, it may belong to your culture, society and geography.

    However, even if it is not exactly the same, always look at how similar examples work in different geographies globally, their revenue models, and the areas where they succeed and fail. A small idea from here can add a lot to you.

    8. Build a good team

    Remember that a good team is always behind successful initiatives. Try to build a team that complements your shortcomings.

    These people are likely to be among the co-founders. Make sure that they will not let you down and make a heart-to-heart.

    9. Stay in control

    Managing a startup is like flying an aeroplane. Sometimes, you have to change your flight plan according to the situations you face.

    But you have to keep the aeroplane in the air at all times.

    Create your own strategy, but remember that sooner or later, something unexpected may come your way and scatter you. Stay in the air anyway.

    10. Don’t give up

    The main reason why new entrepreneurs fail is that they give up too soon.

    You too can become a successful entrepreneur by not giving up despite all the difficulties. Just like Steve Jobs, Elon Musk 

    Conclusion

    Since my teenage years, I have tried many online websites, mobile apps and entrepreneurial endeavours.

    The lessons above, which I have learned along my journey, illustrate one or more of the reasons why I and many other new entrepreneurs have failed.

    Success stories, as well as failure stories, will teach you a lot.

    I wish you all success and luck in your entrepreneurial journey.

  • Top 10 Modern Movies For Entrepreneurs

    Top 10 Modern Movies For Entrepreneurs

    While preparing this article, I identified the movies I still haven’t seen – Movies For Entrepreneurs

    If you are not interested in the classic entrepreneurship movies released before 2006 that I shared in my previous post on Medium.com, there are some modern options for you to watch! – Movies For Entrepreneurs

    These movies, mostly made in 2010 and later, offer a more up-to-date perspective on the world of entrepreneurship.

    1. The Wolf of Wall Street (2013)

    The lives of Wall Street stockbrokers have been the subject of many movies. The most famous of these is probably The Wolf of Wall Street.

    Starring Leonarda DiCaprio in the title role, this movie tells the true story of ambitious stockbroker Jordan Belfort.

    If you haven’t seen it yet, I suggest you check out The Wolf of Wall Street.

    A word of warning, this movie contains high levels of slang, profanity and themes not suitable for children.

    If you are sensitive to these issues, you may want to skip this movie.

    2. The Social Network (2010)

    The Social Network, which tells the story of the founding of the world’s largest social media platform Facebook and the largest social media company Meta (formerly Facebook), is a movie we highly recommend for those interested in IT, technology, software and internet-based startups.

    Inspired by Mark Zuckerberg’s life story, this biographical drama holds a mirror to the inner world of social media startups.

    3. Steve Jobs (2015)

    If you want to learn more about the founding of Apple and the famous entrepreneur Steve Jobs, this movie is for you! Made in 2015 by Danny Boyle, this biographical drama reveals the life story of Steve Jobs, the former CEO of Apple.

    I recommend this movie for those interested in the history of modern entrepreneurship.

    4. Too Big to Fail (2011)

    A movie about the 2008 financial crisis and the efforts of US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and Federal Reserve System Chairman Ben Bernanke to contain the crisis, Too Big to Fail is a must-see for anyone interested in financial systems.

    Watching the steps taken to contain the crisis while learning deeper information about how the crisis emerged can give you a new perspective on the financial world.

    5. Joy (2015)

    This movie, which tells the story of Joy Mangano, a real entrepreneur, focuses on the difficulties that women entrepreneurs can experience and Joy, an entrepreneur who does not lose hope in the face of these difficulties.

    I recommend you to watch the story of Joy, who managed to build a million-dollar company by overcoming economic difficulties, family crises, betrayal and many other challenges.

    6. Margin Call (2011)

    Set during the 2008 crisis, Margin Call tells the story of the employees of a large Wall Street investment bank, focusing on the first moments of the mortgage crisis.

    As the employees realize the coming crisis and try to save themselves from its effects, the film also reveals the cause of the crisis.

    This movie is a good source for those who want to learn the mistakes that should not be made in investment life.

    7. Moneyball (2011)

    The 2011 sports drama film Moneyball tells the story of the Oakland Athletics baseball team during the 2002 season and the efforts of their general manager Billy Beane to build a competitive team.

    Beane, played by Brad Pitt, and his assistant Jonah Hill, played by Jonah Hill, try to build a team that can win the championship on a limited budget using a special method of analysis.

    8. The Billionaire (2011)

    Also known as Top Secret: The Billionaire, also known as Wai Roon Pan Lan, tells the story of Thai entrepreneur Itthipat Kulapongvanich and his decision to drop out of university at the age of 19 to start a packaged fried seaweed startup.

    I highly recommend this movie for those who want to watch entrepreneurship movies from a different culture instead of Western movies.

    9. The Founder (2016)

    The 2016 biographical drama film The Founder tells the story of McDonald’s, the fast food restaurant we all know, and businessman Ray Kroc.

    If you are curious about the story of the founding of McDonald’s fast food restaurant and want to know how this local company turned into a global giant, I highly recommend you to watch this movie.

    10. The Big Short (2015)

    Next on our list is The Big Short, also based on a true-life story.

    This movie is also about the mortgage crisis. However, unlike the other examples, The Big Short also contains comedic elements.

    One of the most remarkable things about this movie is that it explains complex financial ideas using very unusual techniques.

  • James Webb Telescope Taken The Deepest Image of the Universe

    James Webb Telescope Taken The Deepest Image of the Universe

    Why the James Webb Space Telescope is important and what we will see soon?

    The US Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) has shared the deepest image of the universe ever captured by the James Webb Space Telescope.

    The James Webb Space Telescope is expected to be the main observing instrument of the next decade.

    Its mission will be to determine the masses of planets and other masses in the Universe by measuring their spectra. With its detectors and instruments, the James Webb Space Telescope can observe a wide and deep area.

    Since Hubble orbits the Earth, a space shuttle was sufficient for its launch.

    Since the James Webb Telescope, which needs to reach the L2 point, will not be able to go on a shuttle, an Ariane 5 rocket will be used for its launch.

    After reaching the L2 point in a period of 30 days, the James Webb Telescope will not remain stationary.

    As the Earth orbits around the Sun, the James Webb Telescope will move with it.

    In this way, it is expected to enable observations that can shed light on the formation of the universe.

    In particular, it is aimed to capture the afterglow of the Big Bang and the signals of the developments in the universe.

    The James Webb Space Telescope will also be used to observe the formation of the universe and galaxies, and to monitor whether Earth-like habitable planets have formed.

    The telescope, which collects images about 1.5 million kilometres from Earth, opens the door to the mysteries of space.

    The product of NASA’s collaboration with the European and Canadian space agencies, Webb is seen as the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope, the largest and most powerful telescope ever built, but 31 years old and nearing the end of its working life.

    The first colour images released after the completion of Webb’s 6-month preparation period will represent the beginning of future science missions.

    It was reported that the telescope, which opens the door to the mysteries of space, was able to capture “clear and well-focused” images and exhibited optical performance above expectations.

    Known as the most advanced space telescope to date, James Webb’s images are important for the formation of the universe and the discovery of other habitable planets.

    By capturing the light of the first stars that formed after the Big Bang 13.5 billion years ago, the telescope is intended to study all stages of the history of the universe.

    While many parts of the James Webb Telescope are powered by solar energy, some parts run on fuel, which will eventually run out.

    And because of its remoteness, there is no recommendation to change the fuel.

    Therefore, the expected lifetime of the James Webb Telescope seems to be 5 to 10 years; that is, whenever the fuel runs out.

  • Top 9 Classic Movies For Entrepreneurs

    Top 9 Classic Movies For Entrepreneurs

    While preparing this article, I identified the movies I still haven’t seen

    In this list of entrepreneurship movies, I have compiled a list of classic movies made in 2006 and before, hence the word classic in the title. Movies For Entrepreneurs

    Would you like to watch other entrepreneurs’ challenges and learn from their experiences while sitting comfortably on your couch?

    Then you will love our list of modern and classic entrepreneurship movies!

    Inspired by both fictional and real events, these movies are a must-watch for anyone who wants to become an entrepreneur.

    The 9 movies on this list may give you the motivation you need to take your first step or inspire you to grow your business.

    1. Wall Street (1987)

    If you are interested in corporate finance, risk management and financial markets, Wall Street is a classic movie that we recommend you watch.

    Telling the story of an ambitious stockbroker named Bud Fox (Chalie Sheen), the movie also holds up a mirror to the shaky world of capital markets.

    2. Startup.com (2001)

    A 2001 documentary, Startup.com tells the story of the rise and fall of a real startup, GovWorks.

    This startup, which received 60 million dollars of investment from many famous investors and companies, was among the companies that went bankrupt after the dot-com bubble burst in 2000.

    If you want to start a startup, learning from the mistakes in this movie can prepare you for the problems you may face in the future.

    3. Pirates of Silicon Valley (1999)

    Pirates of Silicon Valley is a 1999 biographical drama film directed by Martyn Burke.

    The movie tells the story of the rivalry between Steve Jobs and Bill Gates and the development of the personal computer.

    If you want to learn more about the lives of these two gigantic entrepreneurs, Pirates of Silicon Valley is definitely a movie you should watch.

    4. Jerry Maguire (1996)

    For entrepreneurs who want to start their own business with a new idea, Jerry Maguire is a movie we highly recommend.

    Starring Tom Cruise, this movie tells the story of a 35-year-old sports agent named Jerry Maguire who leaves the agency he works for and starts his own agency as an independent agent.

    5. Glengarry Glen Ross (1992)

    Based on a 1984 play, Glengarry Glen Ross tells the story of four real estate agents working in the same office.

    A “sales coach” appointed by the management comes to the office where these four realtors work and tells them that at the end of this month, all but the two realtors with the most sales will be fired.

    These four realtors roll up their sleeves to keep their jobs…

    6. The World’s Fastest Indian (2005)

    The 2005 New Zealand film The World’s Fastest Indian is inspired by the life of professional motorcycle racer Burt Munro.

    The story of Burt Munro, who broke many different speed records in 1950 and 1960, includes themes such as not giving up and chasing your dreams.

    7. Catch Me If You Can (2002)

    Catch Me If You Can, which tells the chase between Frank, who steals millions of dollars through fraud, and Carl, the FBI agent trying to catch him, is not like classic entrepreneurship movies.

    However, the fraud techniques in this movie are definitely among the issues that entrepreneurs should pay attention to.

    This movie is worth watching just to be wary of scammers.

    8. The Aviator (2004)

    Based on the 1993 biographical novel Howard Hughes: The Secret Life, The Aviator is based on the life of Howard Hughes, the famous filmmaker, pilot and director.

    Starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Cate Blanchett, this movie is a must-see for entrepreneurs.

    9. The Pursuit of Happyness (2006)

    The Pursuit of Happyness, about the life of famous motivational speaker and stockbroker Chris Gardner, is a great entrepreneurial movie for those who want to increase their motivation.

    This movie, which tells the story of Garner trying to raise his son while struggling with financial difficulties, tells the story of a person who has literally hit rock bottom and rises again.

  • 5 Books Teach You Think Like Millionaire 

    5 Books Teach You Think Like Millionaire 

    Learn correct strategies for money (Think Like Millionaire)

    Have you ever had such a strategy? If not, this is not unusual. (Think Like Millionaire)

    I first earned a few dollars selling water at the market near our house when I was ten, and since then I’ve read about money, finance and investing, but I’ve never made a financial plan.

    I started my entrepreneurial journey in the 20’s ages. I created lots of online websites for small companies and tried online businesses while studying at University.

    But now I think every working professional needs a financial strategy. 

    How do you spend your money? 

    How much do you save? How do you feel about debt? 

    What do you invest your money in? 

    How much money do you need to retire? 

    These are questions that every person who makes money needs to answer.

    Let’s face it. If you want to retire in comfort (not to mention a luxurious lifestyle) you need to be rich.

    The 5 books I recommend in this article will help you do that. 

    After reading them, you will never have to worry about personal finance again. 

    The word never might be a bit pretentious. 🙂

    1. The Richest Man in Babylon — George S. Clason


    This book was published in 1926 and, as far as I know, was the first popular book on personal finance. 

    Babylon was the richest city in ancient civilizations because it had the richest people of the time. They used sound financial principles to multiply the value of money. They invested for what we all desire… for their future.

    Like the law of gravity, the rules of making money are universal and immutable. 

    Seeking solutions for empty wallets, this book is called the guide to financial insights. It is recognized as the best work on economic and financial planning. 

    This book, which will guide you throughout your life, will enable you to perceive your financial problems and find a way out. The Richest Man in 

    Babylon is a book you will want to read, recommend to your friends and give to young people just starting out in life.

    2. The Intelligent Investor — Benjamin Graham


    By carefully and consistently applying the principles in this legendary book, which has never fallen out of Amazon’s top 100 bestseller list:

    You will learn the difference between investing and speculation and protect yourself from speculation, learn your investor profile and your perspective on risk and create the right investment strategy for yourself, learn to manage your private pension funds effectively and efficiently, protect your savings against crises, inflation and panic waves, and achieve rational, sustainable and real returns in the medium and long term. 

    You will reliably know the correct value and price of assets regardless of their nature, recognize that panic waves and price declines are opportunities for the wise investor, understand the principles of trading at the right time and under the right conditions, and know that unnecessary trades and positioning always bring losses, and understand the importance of holding valuable assets purchased at the right price without getting caught up in the hype.

    3. Random Walk on the Stock Exchange — Burton G. Malkiel


    With a keen eye for the high-tech boom and its aftermath, Malkiel shows how to maximize profits and minimize losses in this world of electronic brokers, virtual gurus and so-called investment vehicles. 

    He teaches you how to examine potential returns not only for stocks and bonds, but also for money markets and real estate investment trusts, insurance, real estate, and tangible assets such as gold and collectables. 

    It helps you unravel the mutual fund rating game and discover the advantages of index mutual funds over a range of riskier alternative investment vehicles.

    4. The 4-Hour Week — Work Less, Earn More and Live Well! — Timothy Ferriss


    Forget the old concept of retirement and postponed life plans. 

    There is no need to wait, and every reason not to wait. If your dream is to escape the struggle of life, travel the world, have a high income with zero management, or simply live more and work less, this book is for you. 

    Those who read this book can achieve wealth by working only 4 hours a week and spending the rest of their time as they wish: Be neither boss nor employee. 

    Just be the owner. Do the minimum necessary to make things work and have maximum impact. 

    Instead of having more, have better quality. Create long-term careers and mini-retirements for yourself with short-term jobs. 

    How to eliminate 50% of your jobs in 48 hours using the principles of a forgotten Italian economist. Discover it.

    5. Stop Worrying and Start Living — Dale Carnegie


    Dale Carnegie’s book Let Go of Sadness and Look to Live, read by millions of people around the world, aims to help you overcome the habit of sadness.

    Carnegie’s formulas will be very useful in the rapidly changing world of the 2000s. By applying these formulas;

    You can immediately get rid of your worries and anxieties about your work.

    You can minimize your worries about financial problems.
    You can learn to benefit from criticism.

    Avoid overexerting yourself and always manage to look young.
    You can add an hour to the hours you spend awake each day.

    You can discover yourself and be yourself. Remember, you are unique in the world!

  • 8 Ways To Cope With Death Anxiety

    8 Ways To Cope With Death Anxiety

    Some suggestions to buffer death anxiety (Death Anxiety)

    Death Anxiety – Facing the reality of death as we age is one of the challenges we all face. Nowadays, avoiding the reality of death, the “avoidance attitude”, is the most popular way of coping. 

    However, we should be aware that some of the usual ways of coping can create existential anxiety and rob us of our quality of life.

    In the face of mortality, it is important to have a “buffer system” to maintain our psychological serenity and cope with death anxiety (Routledge & Vess, 2019; Juhl, 2019).

    Here are some suggestions to buffer death anxiety:

    1. Creating meaning


    According to Terror/Fear Management Theory (TMT), having a sense that one’s own life has meaning, or that life, in general, has meaning, enables the individual to live with an awareness of death and without fear. When people do something important that fulfils their soul, they have no time to worry about death. Therefore, it is important to clarify one’s deepest personal values and to serve them in one’s life. Research suggests that any source of feeling meaningful (such as work, relationships, science and faith) should serve an important personal value.

    2. A change in priorities


    Death anxiety motivates us to be creative. We accomplish more when time is limited. Mortality inspires us to live interesting and meaningful lives. It causes us to choose our priorities and live more effective lives. If we were immortal, we could rightly postpone our every action forever. It wouldn’t matter whether we do something now or tomorrow.

    3. Authentic presence


    Authenticity is the feeling that one is “one’s own”. And it includes one’s own values, preferences, goals, decisions and actions. Awareness of death also triggers the desire to focus on what is truly important to oneself. Pursuing inner goals is a solid buffer against death anxiety.

    4. Productivity


    A form of symbolic immortality, the term generativity can be seen as an expression of going beyond our own existence to leave behind a positive legacy. Productivity can transform the fear of death into a feeling of deep contentment.

    5. Acceptance


    As humans, we have a biased view of life and death. We see death as something that separates us from life (i.e. all our material and spiritual possessions). Some ancient teachings talk about how we suffer because we are attached to temporary/temporal things in an ever-changing life. The way to put an end to our suffering is actually to cut our attachment to mortal/temporary things. For example, wealth, power, etc. That way, we no longer fear death because we have nothing to lose.

    6. A cognitive-behavioural approach


    Our emotional lives are shaped by our beliefs and values. The observer influences the “observed reality”. By developing the capacity to choose how we interpret life and death, we can free ourselves from negative emotions. Stoic teachings suggest that we focus on what we can control and adopt an attitude of not worrying about what we cannot control. Knowing that you are doing the best you can in the circumstances leads to a cool and calm acceptance of everything (life and death).

    7. Exposure


    The most powerful way to deal with the fear of death is to face it rather than avoid it. 

    Research on anxiety reduction shows that exposure to feared situations is one of the fastest and most effective solutions. 

    In the context of death anxiety, this involves practising exposure to death-related topics. 

    For example, regularly reading obituaries in the newspaper, reading literary accounts of death and grief, writing a will, planning funeral arrangements, imagining one’s own death, writing eulogies about how one would like to be remembered after one’s death, etc. 

    These exercises can be very helpful in reducing death anxiety.

    Yalom (2008) states that to face one’s own death fully consciously (both in thoughts and feelings) is to overcome death anxiety.

    8. You are important to others


    The human need for the material world is universal. The feeling of being needed and important by others enhances meaning in our lives. 

    Moreover, how an individual’s interpersonal relationships reflect their capacity to adapt to life and their ability to increase their self-worth.

    The deep and close bonds you form with your loved ones, and the level of fulfilment you feel in your relationships, play an important role in the level of your death anxiety. 

  • What Is Gaslighting and Its Importance In Relationships?

    What Is Gaslighting and Its Importance In Relationships?

    Secret Type of Manipulation In Relationships

    Gaslighting is the conscious manipulation and control of an individual’s perspective over an extended period of time. 

    It is an attempt to make someone doubt their understanding of reality, to make them believe that they cannot trust their perceptions and judgments about reality. In other words, it is a form of psychological abuse. 

    The term Gaslighting is based on the theatre play Gas Light, which was performed in 1938. 

    In this play, the male character makes some attempts to make his wife doubt his sanity. 

    He does this by telling his wife that although he dims the light of the gas lamp over time when she says that the light has decreased, the light of the gas lamp has not decreased, and the light has remained the same. 

    Thus, his wife begins to believe that the gas lamp is not dimming, but she cannot make sense of the room getting darker and darker. At the end of the day, the woman is pushed into thoughts that she is going crazy.

    What are the stages of Gaslighting?

    We can state that it has three stages. These are

    1. Idealization
    2. Devaluation
    3. Discreditation

    1. In the Idealization stage

    The dominant person in the relationship idealizes the other and attributes an admirable status to the person who will be victimized. 

    They attempt to construct a perception that their relationship is perfect. The direction of this admiration turns into a more intense admiration for the other, i.e. the person who is gaslighting.

    2. In the devaluation stage

    The person who previously aroused feelings of admiration turns into someone who cannot do anything, who is useless. 

    The person now perceives themselves as worthless, as the problematic party. At the beginning of the relationship, the person who was confident, happy and thought he/she was worthy becomes doubtful about his/her self-esteem after manipulative behaviours. In this situation, he/she sees himself/herself in desperate efforts not to lose the other and to make things work in the relationship.

    3. Discreditation is the last stage of the gaslighting process. 

    The manipulator discards the other person and seeks other victims. The gaslighted person sees themselves in a position of apologizing in order not to be abandoned.

    As can be understood from all stages, first of all, trust and love are gained. The victimized person is included in a painful process by being made to doubt himself/herself by the person he/she loves and trusts. 

    Then, dependency develops on the gaslighting perpetrator and the power of influence intensifies and weakens the other person. 

    The most important factor in gaslighting is that the psychological abuse continues until it has the desired effect on the perpetrator. 

    Over time, the person becomes hostile to their own perceptions and relinquishes control to the other person. As a result, initiative skills such as decision-making are damaged.

    Examples of Gaslighting 

    People who are being gaslighted are usually not aware of it during the relationship. They normalize the situation that this may be the nature of their current relationship. 

    However, they may be warned about certain issues by those around them. It is not easy to recognize the existence of this manipulation. For example:

    You find yourself constantly apologizing for something you did not do,
    If the other person keeps saying, “I never said such a thing to you”,

    If he/she shows you insulting words or behaviour and then reacts by saying, “You made me do this, it’s all your fault that I am the way I am.”

    If he/she doesn’t understand your sadness and resentment and takes your emotions down by saying, “You are exaggerating too much, if others see you like this, they will think you are mentally ill.”

    When you are having an argument even though you are right, you are constantly resorting to lies to save the moment, just so that the other person does not get more angry, just so that the tension ends as soon as possible.

    You may be a victim of gaslighting if you are constantly beating yourself up for not being good enough, for saying “I am not good enough, I am always the one who makes mistakes and this will not change” even though you are good enough.

    When we look at the characteristics of those who practice gaslighting, we see that they are actually very weak, inadequate and worthless. 

    Precisely because of these characteristics, they resort to devaluing and disempowering one another. 

    We can briefly explain their purpose of Gaslighting in this way.

    How to deal with Gaslighting in a relationship?


    In the light of the information we have given above, if you think that you are exposed to similar things in your own relationships, the first thing to do is to realize that what you are experiencing is gaslighting. 

    The next step is to face the reality of what you are experiencing. Some victims may want to stay in the relationship, believing that there may be healing steps to give the relationship another chance, and may not end it. 

    However, they cannot improve the situation by being in a relationship that makes the individual so doubtful about their self-worth and perception of reality. 

    For this reason, if you have difficulty ending your relationship with such dynamics, you can get support from a mental health professional. 

  • 8 Dispensable Things That Cause Mostly Feel Hungry

    8 Dispensable Things That Cause Mostly Feel Hungry

    This may be the main reason why many people gain weight. Feel Hungry

    1. You may be eating too many refined carbohydrates.

    Feel Hungry – This type of carbohydrate, which we call “refined”, is found in many foods such as pastries and junk food. When you consume these foods, you feel hungry again after a short time.

    This is because these foods do not contain fibre, so they are digested quickly.

    If you want to stay full for a long time, you can choose foods with fibre that take longer to digest.

    For example, vegetables and whole grains are good options.

    2. You may not be consuming enough protein.

    If you don’t include enough protein in your meals, it is normal to feel hungry all the time.

    Protein foods suppress hunger and curb your appetite.

    If you include protein foods on your plate, you will notice that you feel less hungry.

    3. You may not be eating enough healthy fats.

    Consuming too much fat can be a problem for your health while consuming too little can upset the balance in your body.

    When you consume healthy fats, you prolong the digestion time of food. This means that food stays in your stomach longer. You feel full for longer.

    4. You may be eating your food too fast.

    Consuming your meals quickly increases your appetite, causes weight gain and makes you hungry quickly.

    Give your food the time it deserves.
    Enjoy the pleasure of eating.

    5. You may not be drinking enough water.

    Take care to consume enough water for your body so that your digestive system can work in a healthy way. 

    According to research, those who drink enough water feel fuller during the day. It’s also a bit strange, but your brain can sometimes confuse hunger and thirst.

    In summary, remember to drink enough water to control your appetite.

    6. You may want to eat because you are stressed.

    We know that anxiety and anxiety disorders have many effects on our bodies. One of these effects is the constant desire to eat.

    When we feel stressed, our body releases the hormone cortisol.

    This makes us feel hungry.

    Try to manage the stress in your life through sports or new hobbies.

    7. Your regular medication may be affecting your appetite.

    In particular, medications for diabetes, antidepressants or mood stabilizers can make you feel hungry all the time because they contain substances such as cortisone, insulin, clozapine or olanzapine.

    If you notice that you regularly gain weight after taking a new medication and you feel hungry all the time, be sure to contact your doctor.

    8. You may not be getting enough sleep.

    Ghrelin, also known as the appetite hormone, is controlled by our brain.

    If you are not getting enough sleep, you cannot expect your brain to function properly.